Africa’s ageing populations are creating new demands for health systems, including the need for earlier recognition of dementia and better support for patients, families and caregivers.
The World Health Organization estimates that more than 57 million people worldwide are living with dementia, with nearly 10 million new cases reported each year. Alzheimer’s disease accounts for an estimated 60 to 70 percent of cases.
The issue is particularly significant for African countries, where access to affordable long-term care and support can be limited. Much of the responsibility for caring for people with dementia can fall on families as life expectancy rises and populations grow older.
Health professionals will increasingly need to distinguish cognitive decline from normal ageing and help patients and their families manage changing care needs.
“Africa’s evolving demographic profile means dementia can no longer be viewed solely as a challenge for older patients; it is increasingly a healthcare-system issue that requires preparedness,” said Dr. Robert Grant, Senior Associate for clinical studies at St. George’s University.
“The physicians serving these communities need the clinical knowledge to recognize cognitive decline, but also the communication skills and cultural awareness to work effectively with patients and families. Medical education has an important role in preparing doctors to meet these needs across diverse healthcare environments.”
St. George’s University School of Medicine in Grenada, West Indies, says its international approach to medical education is intended to prepare doctors for healthcare systems serving diverse populations.
The university has students and faculty from more than 150 countries and a clinical training network that includes more than 75 affiliated hospitals and health systems in the United States and United Kingdom.
Its training places emphasis on clinical reasoning, communication and teamwork, alongside medical knowledge, according to the university.
Prevention is also part of the wider response to dementia. Updated WHO guidance calls for attention to modifiable risk factors throughout life as part of efforts to reduce the risk of cognitive decline and support healthier ageing.
For African communities, greater public awareness and earlier recognition of dementia could complement efforts to improve access to diagnosis, treatment and long-term support.
“Dementia can affect far more than memory; it can reshape a person’s independence, relationships, and family life,” Grant said.
“Good healthcare must therefore preserve dignity and connection alongside clinical care. Physicians need to be prepared to listen, communicate clearly, and help families navigate difficult decisions as care needs change.”
World Alzheimer’s Day also provides an opportunity to highlight the experiences of people living with dementia and the families and caregivers supporting them, as health systems respond to changing population needs.
St. George’s University (SGU) contributed to this report.
