Allergies are more than just a seasonal nuisance. For many people, they’re a daily struggle that affects breathing, eating, even the ability to keep a pet at home. Doctors say the first step toward figuring out what’s going on is usually an allergy test. These are often done in a primary care clinic or an allergist’s office, with results interpreted by a physician. Knowing what’s triggering the reaction helps people decide what changes to make.
An allergy, in simple terms, is when the body mistakes a harmless substance — pollen, mold, animal dander, food proteins, latex — for a threat. The immune system releases histamine into the bloodstream, and that chemical can spark inflammation, rashes, or more dangerous reactions. Some responses are mild; others can be life-threatening, according to the World Health Organization.
Here are five of the most common allergies — and what experts typically suggest for managing them.
Pollen
Pollen is one of the most common triggers worldwide. It comes from trees, grasses, weeds, and flowers, and it spreads most heavily in spring and summer. For people with hay fever, this means sneezing, itchy eyes, and congestion that can stretch for months. The American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (ACAAI) recommends limiting outdoor exposure during peak pollen counts and using medications such as antihistamines or nasal sprays when necessary.
Mold
Mold thrives in damp, warm environments, whether it’s a bathroom wall or a basement corner. It releases spores into the air that can inflame the lungs and nasal passages. For people sensitive to mold, even small amounts can trigger coughing, wheezing, or rashes. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) suggests reducing indoor humidity, fixing leaks quickly, and cleaning affected areas thoroughly to keep mold under control.
Animals
Pet allergies can be especially tough for animal lovers. The issue isn’t the fur itself but proteins in the animal’s dander, saliva, and skin oils.
These proteins cling to hair and spread easily in the home. Reactions range from sneezing and congestion to asthma flare-ups. The Mayo Clinic advises measures like regular grooming, using air purifiers, and keeping pets out of bedrooms to help manage symptoms.
Latex
Latex allergies are less common but can be severe. The reaction is caused by proteins in natural rubber, often found in gloves, balloons, and some medical supplies. Health workers are at higher risk because of frequent exposure. Symptoms can include skin rashes, itching, or even anaphylaxis in extreme cases. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) notes that alternatives such as non-latex gloves and synthetic materials are now widely available.
Food
Food allergies are among the most serious because they can quickly turn life-threatening. Common culprits include peanuts, shellfish, wheat, milk, and eggs. When someone with an allergy eats or even comes into contact with the food, histamine release can cause hives, stomach cramps, or, in the worst cases, anaphylaxis — where the airways swell and breathing becomes difficult. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) explains that strict avoidance and carrying emergency medication, such as epinephrine, are essential for prevention and safety.
Doctors often remind patients that while children sometimes outgrow certain allergies, most adults live with them long-term. The focus, then, is on management rather than cure. Still, there’s ongoing debate: some natural health practitioners argue that with changes in diet, environment, or immune therapies, people can reduce or even eliminate allergic responses.
For most, though, the path is straightforward — testing, identifying triggers, and taking practical steps to limit exposure. It may not erase allergies completely, but it can make life with them a lot more manageable.
