Vaginal itching during menstruation can result from irritation caused by menstrual products, skin conditions or infections, but the symptom alone cannot establish the cause.
The discomfort may affect the vulva, the external genital area surrounding the vaginal opening, rather than the vagina itself. Identifying where the itching occurs and whether it is accompanied by unusual discharge, pain or swelling can help guide diagnosis and treatment.
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) advises women experiencing persistent itching, burning or changes in vulvar skin to seek medical assessment.
What causes itching during a period?
Several conditions can cause genital itching during menstruation. Some are related to skin irritation, while others require medical treatment.
Irritation from menstrual products
Sanitary pads, scented products, soaps and detergents can irritate sensitive skin around the vulva. Friction and moisture may worsen the discomfort, particularly when a person uses a product that does not suit their skin.
Switching to unscented menstrual products, avoiding perfumed soaps and washing the external genital area gently with water may help reduce irritation.
Vaginal yeast infection
A yeast infection, also called vaginal candidiasis or vaginal thrush, occurs when Candida fungi grow excessively in the vagina.
Symptoms may include itching, soreness, redness, swelling, discomfort when urinating and abnormal discharge. The discharge can be thick and white, although symptoms vary.
Antibiotic use can increase the risk of a yeast infection by disrupting bacteria that normally help maintain the vaginal environment. However, itching alone does not confirm that a yeast infection is present.
The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends antifungal treatment for confirmed vaginal candidiasis.
Bacterial vaginosis
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) occurs when the balance of bacteria in the vagina changes. It commonly causes an increase in vaginal discharge and a strong, fish-like odour. Some people experience irritation, although itching is not its defining symptom.
BV is treated with antibiotics rather than antifungal medication. A healthcare professional can assess the symptoms and determine the appropriate treatment.
Hormonal changes
Hormone levels fluctuate throughout the menstrual cycle and can influence vaginal tissues and secretions. Some people notice changes in genital sensitivity or discomfort at different stages of the cycle.
However, premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is not established as a primary cause of vaginal itching. PMS generally refers to physical and emotional symptoms that occur before menstruation, including bloating, breast tenderness and mood changes.
Persistent itching should not automatically be attributed to hormonal changes.
Other skin conditions and infections
Contact dermatitis, eczema and other skin conditions can cause itching, redness and burning around the vulva. Urinary tract infections may cause discomfort or burning during urination, while some sexually transmitted infections can cause genital irritation or abnormal discharge.
These conditions may have overlapping symptoms, making it difficult to identify the cause without an assessment.
How to relieve vaginal itching safely
Simple measures can help reduce irritation while the cause is being established.
- Wash the external genital area gently with lukewarm water and pat it dry.
- Avoid scented soaps, vaginal deodorants, douches and perfumed menstrual products.
- Change menstrual products regularly according to their instructions.
- Wear comfortable, breathable underwear and avoid clothing that causes friction.
- Apply a cool compress externally to help ease discomfort.
Avoid repeatedly scratching the affected area, as this can further irritate the skin. Do not insert creams or other products into the vagina unless they are intended for that use and are appropriate for the condition.
Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Antifungal medicines treat yeast infections, while bacterial vaginosis requires a different approach. Using the wrong medication may delay appropriate treatment.
When should you see a doctor?
Seek medical advice if the itching persists, keeps returning or interferes with sleep and daily activities. An assessment is also advisable if the symptoms are accompanied by unusual or foul-smelling discharge, sores, swelling, significant pain or burning during urination.
Fever accompanied by pelvic or lower abdominal pain warrants prompt medical assessment.
A healthcare professional may examine the affected area, ask about symptoms and menstrual products, and test a vaginal discharge sample when necessary. These steps can help distinguish infections from irritation and other skin conditions.
Vaginal itching during menstruation does not necessarily indicate a serious problem, but it should not be dismissed when it persists or occurs with other symptoms. Identifying the cause is the most reliable way to determine which treatment, if any, is needed.
